Full employment and the role of the state in regulating the labor market

After such phenomena as wars, diseases, natural disasters, perhaps the most terrible majority of people will call unemployment. Someone is in vain looking for a job for a long time, someone is holding onto the present place, sacrificing time and health, fearing to be without means of livelihood. After all, many live in a literal sense from wages to salaries, pay out loans or simply do not have any other sources of income in case of deprivation of basic earnings.

Full employment is a situation in the country in which all the able-bodied population is provided with work. In this issue, the state should be involved as the main regulator of the labor market. It is not possible to create an optimal correlation between the level of demand and supply without an intermediary, because having enough jobs is not all. Everyone wants to find a job that corresponds to his requests for the level of payment, working conditions, content of activities and other conditions. Not finding an ideal proposal, a person either agrees to less suitable conditions (or completely unsuitable), or continues to search, remaining unemployed.

Consequently, full employment of the population is achievable only in the case when supply and demand correspond to each other, but this option, like everything ideal, is not realizable in practice. First, because of the human factor that can not be taken into account; Secondly, there will always be so-called natural unemployment, that is, a state where a small percentage of the population is in search of a better place, while leaving the former. Ideally, this share should not exceed 5-7% of the total number of able-bodied citizens, and, this level should be maintained constantly. The concept of full employment just implies this state of the labor market, so do not assume that all citizens must be employed.

Full employment rather involves employment of those individuals who wish to work. From the statistics, people who do not work at their own volition are excluded. Either they are housewives, or those who just want to take a break from work and think about further career development, as well as people who do not need to work for any reasons.

During the existence of the USSR, the role of the state in regulating the labor market was very significant. Jobs were created for graduates of secondary and higher educational institutions, there was a so-called "leveling" in wages, thanks to which the working population did not rush from place to place in search of a better share. An active struggle against "dependents" was conducted, practically full employment was achieved through agitation expressed by slogans and bright posters praising the working class. Idleness and commercial activity were blamed, as a result of which the number of officially employed citizens was quite high.

What is the current situation in the country? According to official data, the percentage of unemployed is small - only about 5%, which corresponds to the level of natural unemployment, however, few people leave for the labor exchange, since it is believed that they offer absolutely inappropriate work with low pay. Presumably, the level of unofficial unemployment is several times higher. What is the reason?

At first glance, there are plenty of jobs, but now after studying it is not necessary to work in the specialty, here graduates and are looking for a dusty and profitable place. Further, many vacancy announcements turn out to be fraud, many organizations violate the Labor Code with impunity. The absence of state intervention allows such companies to exist and mislead applicants. And also recently a lot of universities with humanitarian bias graduates managers, lawyers, economists, demand for which is small, while technical specialists are in short supply. And, of course, the decline in production and agriculture devalued the work of the workers and peasants, forcing the rural youth to move to the city, and those who could become good factory and factory workers-go to work in offices and shops.

So at the moment full employment in Russia is unreal. Even more, because it is impossible to get a person to work for a living wage (yes, there is no shortage in such workplaces), when one can not survive on it and when a luxurious life is propagated everywhere.