Endodontic instruments. Description of different species

Endodontic instruments are used for dental manipulations in the root canals and the tooth cavity. These are tools made from special carbon steel or nickel-titanium alloy. It is worth noting that tools made of nickel-titanium alloy have high flexibility, have a safe tip and "shape memory". They are made of circular cross-section by the cutting method and are used both on special low-speed drills and for manual work. For the convenience of physicians, all endodontic instruments have their own special coding. There are several types of codes.

Digital codes are applied directly to the handle (for hand tools) or to the packaging (for use on drills). Each number is equal to the diameter, which is expressed in hundredths of a millimeter.

Geometric code (spiral, square, triangle, octagon, circle) indicates the form of the section of the working part.

The color code contains three intermediate colors and six basic colors. Color indicates the size of the instrument. During the treatment of the canal, the doctor should not miss any color.

Tools designed for manual work can withstand temperatures of up to two hundred degrees Celsius. They consist of a handle with the necessary geometric, digital and color coding, as well as a working part, which are connected by a rod to each other. The rod has a length of 21 to 31 mm, and the working part always has a length of 16 mm. Each tool has a silicone stopper. It is put directly on the rod and has a contrasting side that shows the bend of the channel.

Endodontic instruments for working in the root canals are designed:

1. For pulp extirpation. The instrument looks like a rasp and has denticles. The teeth have a slight mobility, their size is half the diameter of the rod. When the instrument is immersed in the dental canal, the prongs are pressed against the stem, and when removed, they straighten and take with them pulp tissue or detritus. There are seven sizes of this tool.

2. Root needles are used to determine the depth of the channels. They are designed to determine the degree of patency of channels. Needles come in five sizes.

3. To expand the mouth of the canal, a special dilator is used, it has a drop-shaped working part. This tool is produced with six cross-sectional dimensions.

4. In order to expand narrow curved canals, special endodontic instruments are used, which outwardly resemble rasp. The set includes seven instruments with a stem length of 25 millimeters. On the working surface there are fifty teeth, which are located at the angle of the tool axis. The length of the teeth is three times smaller than the diameter of the instrument. The tip of the teeth can easily move along the canal.

Rotating tools of the dentist, made of an alloy of nickel and titanium, have a great taper. Therefore, the diameter of each of the following is greater by 290/0. This allows you to evenly increase the root canal. The rounded edges and the shape of the edges prevent the tool from jamming. The blunt tip allows you to hold the tool in the direction of the channel, even in a place of large bending, this prevents the creation of benches and perforation. Their sizes range from N 15 to N 150.

Applies the endodontics tools described above, as well as special tools - condensers with special spiral-like cuts.