Domestic and foreign policy of Paul 1 (briefly)

Paul 1 took the throne after the death of Catherine 2. His personality remained ambiguous and incomprehensible, some regarded him as the genius of the Enlightenment, others regarded him as a madman. The domestic and foreign policies of Paul 1 also cause conflicting assessments.

Childhood of Paul 1

Paul 1 was born on September 20, 1745, he was the son of Catherine II and Peter III. The future emperor learned from the beginning of science, the teachers believed that the boy has a living mind and is gifted from nature.

Paul was very fond of his father, Peter Fedorovich, and considered the mother to be the culprit in his death. I suffered a loss of my father's life very hard.

Marriage of Paul 1 and life in Gatchina

Catherine II married her son when he was 17, on Princess Wilhelmine of Hesse, after baptism - Natalia Alekseevna. She died during childbirth.

And in 1776 Paul married again. The wife was Dorothea of Württemberg, called Marya Fedorovna after her baptism. She was a relative of the Prussian king and there is an opinion that it was under her influence that Paul began to like German traditions.

Relations between Catherine II and her son did not go well. The Empress presented to the couple after the wedding Gatchina, which, in fact, meant the reference of the heir. Here Pavel Petrovich has an army consisting of half a dozen sailors, a cuirassier regiment and an infantry battalion. The future king often organizes reviews and teachings.

In 1777, Paul 1 was born the son of Alexander, who is immediately excommunicated from the family and given up for education to those appointed by Catherine. 2. Parents were allowed to visit their son only on special days. All the attempts of Paul to participate in the political life of the country were immediately suppressed by the empress.

On the throne, Paul 1 ascended to 42 years. Not having special management skills of the state, he was nevertheless an outstanding bright personality. Below you can find out what was the internal and foreign policy of Paul 1. In short, the table shows the main points.

The first thing that Paul did after the coronation - reburied the ashes of his father in the Peter and Paul Cathedral.

Why was Catherine's policy not continued?

Domestic and foreign policy of Pavel 1 was strikingly different from Catherine's. This is largely due to the difficult personal relationships between mother and son.

The Emperor was never able to forgive his mother a conspiracy against his father, the result of which was the death of Peter 3 and the ascent to the throne of Catherine. Oil was added to the fire by rumors that Pavel was a child of Saltykov, not Peter, and therefore he was not from the Romanov dynasty.

Therefore, the internal and foreign policy of Paul the first not only differed from that of his mother, but he broke and altered it. Often he acted in defiance of Catherine.

The Inner Politics of Paul 1

The internal and foreign policy of Paul 1 can be briefly described as a systematic change and extermination of all the innovations of Catherine.

Military and peasant reforms

They are considered the most ambitious changes in the state. Paul 1 changed the charters of infantry, sailors and cavalry. Under the new laws, the officers were responsible for the health and life of the soldiers. They had to provide annual leave, the officers had no right to use them for work in their estates. Soldiers were shortened their service life to 25 years, at the end of which was assigned a pension. Pavel 1 formed a new division of the army: the courier corps, the Pioneer regiment, and so on.

The internal and external policies of Paul 1 largely affected the Russian people. So, the situation of the peasants has improved, but some of the Emperor's actions in history are considered strange. For example, Paul distributed many state serfs to the landlords, believing that they would be better off there.

The peasants' obligations were greatly changed: the landlords could demand the work of corvee no more than three times a week, the grain service was abolished.

The position of the nobility

Paul 1 deliberately weakened the nobility. Apparently, the emperor was afraid of a palace coup. He allowed to punish the nobility corporally for robbery, drunkenness, murder and service violations.

Paul abolished the nobility meetings, introduced a poll tax, banned collective petitions and participation in elections for dismissed from the civil service for misconduct.

Such was the direction of domestic and foreign policy of Paul 1. The table, which briefly lists the main external changes in the country, is presented below.

Results of Pavel's domestic policy 1

The attempts of the emperor to document all the rules of life filed, to enlist the army and to oppress the nobility led to the logical death of Paul 1 from the hands of the conspirators. It is documented that the news of the death of the Emperor was greeted with glee.

Descendants and receivers assessed his reign negatively, considering Paul to be a tyrant and a tyrant. The internal and external policies of Paul 1 were also sharply condemned.

Foreign policy

The internal and foreign policy of Paul 1, briefly speaking, was originally aimed at fighting France. In 1798, an anti-French coalition was even organized . AV Suvorov commanded the army, thanks to his talents, Northern Italy was liberated and the troops moved through the Alps. But in 1799 the agreement was terminated, and the army was withdrawn from Europe.

The union with England did not end well too - Paul accused her of the failure of a joint expedition to the Netherlands.

Impulsive and emotional was the internal and foreign policy of Paul 1. The table illustrates the main events of foreign policy.

Thus, Pavel's domestic and foreign policies are clearly emerging. The scheme helps to summarize the most basic decisions that are crucial for the country and for the emperor.

Foreign Policy Outcomes

The actions of the emperor in relation to England are considered rash. The internal and internal and foreign policies of Paul 1 are assessed negatively. A brief summary of it can be conveyed in one word - short-sightedness. This is due to the near-war with this power, which began because of the interests of the Maltese knights. Many note the unjustified risk of Asian campaigns.