Creativity Vysotsky. Vladimir Visotsky: short biography

Vysotsky Vladimir Semenovich was born in Moscow in 1938, on January 25. He died here on July 25, 1980. This talented person is an outstanding poet of the USSR, as well as an actor and singer, the author of several works in prose, a deserved artist of the RSFSR (posthumously, since 1986). He also received the State Prize of the USSR (also posthumously, in 1987). Creativity Vysotsky, his biography will be presented in this article.

As an actor, he participated in 30 films, including "Small Tragedies," The Meeting Place Can not Be Changed, "" Vertical, "" The Master of the Taiga, "" Short Meetings. "Vladimir Semenovich was a member of the troupe, constantly performing at the Moscow Drama and Comedy Theater, Located on Taganka.More details of Vysotsky's work will be considered below.

The family of Vladimir Semenovich

His father is Semyon Vladimirovich Vysotsky (years of life - 1916-1997). This is a native of Kiev, a veteran of the Second World War, a military communications officer, a colonel. Nina Maksimovna (years of life - 1912-2003) is the poet's mother, she specializes in Russian as a translator from German. Uncle Vladimir Semenovich - Alexei Vladimirovich (years of life - 1919-1977). This man - a writer, participated in the Second World War, was awarded three Orders of the Red Banner.

Where does the Vysotsky family come from?

Researchers now agree that the place where the Vysotsky family came from may be considered Grodno province, Pruzhany district, Sialec market (now it is Belorussia, Brest region). Probably, the name was connected with the name of one of the settlements of the Brest region, Kamenets district (Vysokoye town).

Childhood of the future artist

Vladimir spent his early childhood in a communal apartment in Moscow, located on the 1-st Meshchanskaya street. In 1975, he wrote about this period of his life, that at the disposal of families there was only one toilet for 38 rooms. In 1941-1943, he lived in the village of Vorontsovka in evacuation with his mother. This settlement was located 20 kilometers from the district center - the city of Buzuluk, located in the Chkalov region (now Orenburg). In 1943, the future poet returns to the 1st Meshchansky Street (which in 1957 received the name "Prospekt Mira"). He went to the first class of one of the schools in Moscow in 1945.

In 1947, shortly after his parents divorced, Vladimir Vysotsky, whose brief biography and work is presented in this article, moves to his father and his second wife (Vysotskaya-Likhalatova Evgenia Stepanovna). They lived in 1947-1949 in Germany, in Eberswalde, where the father served. Here I learned to play the piano Vysotsky. His life and work, however, took place mainly in Moscow.

He returned to the capital in 1949, in October, went here to the men's school No. 186, in the fifth grade. The family of Vysotsky at this time lived in Bolshoy Karetniy Lane, in house number 15 (now on this building you can see a memorial plaque).

The beginning of an artistic career

Vysotsky, since 1953, visited the drama school in the House of the Teacher, directed by V. Bogomolov, an artist of the Moscow Art Theater. Vladimir graduated from school No. 186 in 1955 and enrolled at the mechanical engineering department at the insistence of his relatives at the Moscow Engineering and Construction Institute. He left there after the first semester.

This decision was made on New Year's Eve (from 31.12.1955 on 01.01.1956). Together with Igor Kochanovsky, a school friend, Vysotsky made drawings, without which they would not have been admitted to the session. The task was carried out at about 2 o'clock in the morning. But suddenly Vladimir got up and began to water his ink (the remnants of brewed coffee - according to another version) his drawing. He decided to prepare to enter the theater, because he decided that the mechanical faculty was not for him.

Study at Moscow Art Theater

Vladimir Semenovich from 1956 to 1960 was a student of the Moscow Art Theater, acting department. He was engaged in Vershilov, then at the Komissarov and Massalsky. Vysotsky met in the first year with Izoy Zhukova. On this girl in the spring of 1960 he married.

The first works in the theater

The first work in the theater was marked in 1959 (the role of Porfiry Petrovich in the play called "Crime and Punishment"). At the same time, Vysotsky received his first episodic role in the movie (student Petya in the film "Peers"). The first mention of him in the press was held in 1960. It was an article "Nineteen from the Moscow Art Theater" by L. Sergeeva.

Vladimir Semenovich worked in 1960-1964 in the Moscow Drama Theater. Pushkin (with interruptions). He played in the play "The Scarlet Flower" (based on Aksakov's work) Leshy's role, in addition, about 10 more roles, most of which were episodic.

On the set of the film entitled "713th Asks for Landing" in 1961, Vladimir Semyonovich met Abramova Lyudmila, who became his second wife. The marriage was officially registered in 1965.

The first musical works

Vysotsky's musical creativity originates in the 60's. The earliest song is considered to be many "Tattoo", written in Leningrad in 1961. Vladimir Semyonovich himself repeatedly called it such.

But there is another, called "49 days", which dates back to 1960. Very critical was the attitude of the author himself to this song. She was given in an autograph a headline, in which she was called a handbook for potboilers, "beginners and graduates". In the end it was explained that in the same way poems can be made for any topics that are topical. Despite the fact that the author himself excluded this song from his work, considering the first "Tattoo", the phonograms of the performances "49 days" are known, and they are dated 1964-1967.

Mature creativity

Vysotsky's songwriting later along with acting became for Vladimir Semenovich a matter of life. He worked at the Moscow Theater of Miniatures for less than two months, made unsuccessful attempts to enter the "Contemporary". Vysotsky in 1964 created the first songs for films, and also entered the Taganka Theater, where he worked until the end of his life.

Vladimir Semyonovich met in 1967, in July, with Marina Vladi, a French actress (Polyakova Marina Vladimirovna), who became his third wife in 1970, in December.

Clinical death

Vysotsky sent a letter in 1968 to the Central Committee of the CPSU about the harsh criticism in the central newspapers of his early songs. At the same time, his first gramophone album entitled "Songs from the movie" Vertical "was released." The actor in the summer of 1969 had a clinical death. He survived only because of Marina Vlady. At this time she was in Moscow. The girl heard groans from the bathroom and groaned and saw that Vladimir Semenovich was bleeding with a throat.

The doctors, fortunately, brought him on time to the Sklifosovsky Institute. He would not have survived if the delay had been for a few more minutes. 18 hours doctors fought for the life of this actor. Rumors about Moscow about his death have already spread.

In 1972, on June 15, a program called "The Boy from Taganka" was shown on Estonian television. So Vysotsky first appeared on the Soviet television screen, not counting the movies in which he participated.

He settled in 1975 in Malaya Gruzinskaya Street, in a cooperative apartment. The exhibition hall of the committee of graphic artists was located in the basement of this building. Here, since 1977, there have been exhibitions of various nonconformists. The actor regularly visited them.

For the first and last time in the same year, a poem was published in vivo, which marked the work of Vladimir Vysotsky, in a literary and art collection called "The Day of Poetry." It was called "From the Road Diary".

The heyday of Vysotsky's creativity falls on the 1970s. In 1978, on February 13, by order of the Ministry of Culture, this artist was awarded the highest category of solo vocalist of the stage. He deserved after that already official recognition as a professional singer. The work of Vladimir Vysotsky was finally appreciated.

Usually his songs are attributed to bardic compositions, but a reservation should be made. The manner of performance and the theme of them were very different from many other so-called intelligent bards. Vladimir Semenovich, in addition, treated quite negatively to the clubs of amateur songs. Unlike many bards of the USSR, he was also a professional actor, therefore his work can not be attributed to independent activity for this reason. In the compositions, many topics were touched upon. Among his musical works are also love lyrics, ballads, and thieves songs, as well as written on political topics, humorous, song-tales. Many later became known as monologues, as they were written in the first person. This is the song work of Vysotsky, briefly described.

Vladimir Semenovich is recorded in 1978 on television, he participates in the next year in the publication of an almanac called Metropol.

In Paris in the 1970s Vladimir Semyonovich met with Alyosha Dmitrievich, a gypsy artist and musician. Repeatedly they performed romances and songs together, they even intended to release a record, but in 1980 Vysotsky died, so this project did not materialize.

Tour abroad

Vladimir Semenovich together with the troupe of the Theater on Taganka went abroad with tours - to Poland, Germany, France, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Bulgaria. He also managed to visit the US several times, received permission to go to France with his private visit to his wife, visited Tahiti, Canada. Abroad and in the USSR, he gave more than a thousand concerts.

On central television in 1980, January 22, Vysotsky recorded in the program "Kinopanorama." For the first time its fragments will be shown in January 1981, and only in 1987 it will be released entirely.

The last days, the death of Vysotsky

Speech at the Luberetskiy Palace of Culture (not far from Moscow) was held in 1980, July 3. According to eyewitnesses, the musician looked unhealthy. He admitted himself that he does not feel well, but kept cheerfully, having played a two-hour concert instead of the planned one and a half hour. In this love for the scene - all Vladimir Vysotsky. Creativity and his fate nevertheless approached the inevitable finale.

One of the last speeches was held the same year, on June 22, in the city of Kaliningrad. During him, Vysotsky again became ill. Speaking at NIIEM (Moscow) on July 14, he performed one of his last songs entitled "My Sorrow, My Longing ...". In Kaliningrad, near Moscow (now Korolev), he held the last concert on July 16.

Vysotsky July 18 appeared for the last time in the Taganka Theater, in the role of Hamlet, the most famous of all his roles. These are the latest events, which marked the work of Vysotsky.

Briefly about his death, we can say the following. Vladimir Semenovich died on July 25 in a dream, in a Moscow apartment. The exact cause of his death can not be named, since no autopsy was performed. Several versions exist on this matter. Leonid Sulpovar and Stanislav Shcherbakov say that the artist died of suffocation, asphyxia as a result of excessive use of sedatives (alcohol and morphine). However, this version of Igor Elkis refutes.

Funeral of the artist

Vysotsky was buried on July 28 at the Vagankovskoye cemetery. The actor died during the Olympic Games in Moscow. In anticipation of this event, the city was completely closed for the entry of non-residents. He was flooded by the police. In the Soviet media, reports of death at this time were almost not printed. Despite all this, a huge crowd gathered at the Taganka Theater after the death of Vysotsky. For several days she was there. Filled with people were on the funeral day of a roof located around the Taganskaya Square buildings. It seemed that the whole of Moscow was burying such a great man as Vladimir Vysotsky, whose biography and creativity still continue to arouse great interest.

House of Art Vysotsky in Krasnodar

The house of creativity of this legendary artist in Krasnodar is located in the center of the city. In several rooms are presented personal belongings belonging to the artist, as well as photographs taken during the training in the Moscow Art Theater, materials relating to various periods of his life. Here is the death mask of this artist. The entrance is free of charge. In front of the building there is a bust of the artist. The life and work of Vladimir Vysotsky is attracted to many people today. In the House of Art there is also an opportunity to watch films about him, to make an excursion, and also completely free.