Compressors: types, types of compressors with photo, purpose and principle of operation

More and more people have been using compressors lately. This tool significantly simplifies everyday everyday or professional tasks. Without this equipment, there is not a single industrial or any other production. In everyday life also many tasks are very convenient to solve with the help of these aggregates. Let's look at the main types of compressors, their device and scope.

The tasks that help to solve the compressor

This equipment allows you to quickly and very easily pump the ball to play volleyball or inflate a variety of air structures (for example, a swimming pool). The compressor helps to water and spray plants, clean the clogged pipes. Artists use these aggregates to perform airbrushing. Specialists in the restoration and peretyazhke furniture use some types of compressors in the restoration work. Compressed air is necessary for the operation of a furniture stapler.

The advantages of compressors in comparison with power tools

Compressors are safer. There is no motor in the pneumatic tool. Also the equipment is maximally universal - it is a combine that allows you to connect a lot of different tools to it. Also have the widest scope of use and are practically non-alternative for solving some problems compressors.

Types of compressors, purpose and principle of operation

There are several types of these aggregates. All of them have a different device, principle of operation and scope of application. And to begin the review of equipment is worth with the history of these mechanisms.

How it was created

The main task, which is solved by compressor equipment is air compression. Machines designed for this, whose productivity is up to 100 kg / m per minute, are divided into two groups. This is rotary (screw) and piston. You can see all kinds of compressors with a photo in this article.

One of the very first piston compressors was created about 300 years ago. Over its development, the German worked Otto Von Guericke. The equipment was more experimental than industrial. This sample had a mechanical drive, and as the energy used the physical strength of man. In 1800, the Englishman George Medhurst presented equipment that operated on steam energy. Then, on the basis of this unit, a perforator was created, which operates from the air. But this tool had a serious drawback - frequent explosions. The workers who used it received serious burns.

The first sample of the screw unit was manufactured only in 1878. He was assembled by German engineer Heinrich Krigar. A more modern analogue was developed in 1932. This equipment had a slightly different operating principle.

Screw compressor: features

Speaking of industrial units, it should be noted that they have an impressive cost. But if you need a long and significant consumption of compressed air, screw-type compressors are an excellent choice and an economical solution.

Screw compressor assembly

A special screw pair is used as the main element of this type of equipment. To reduce friction and increase the durability of the work, the steam is placed in an oil bath. This is the main part of the installation. Among the main elements are a suction valve, a filter system, a screw pair, a separator, a receiver, an electric motor.

Principle of operation

Through the suction valve, a series of air filters, air enters a screw pair, and then a mixture of air and oil forms. Two rotors or screws are compressed and sent to the pneumatic system. Further, air and oil enter the separator, where the second separates from the first. The oil goes back. The air gets to the exit.

Oil in aggregates of this type plays a very important role. So, the main function is cooling. In addition, the oil forms a gap between the screw pair. Also with the help of oil, air is transported, the working elements of the mechanism are lubricated.

Advantages of screw compressors

This unit has a low noise level during operation. It can be installed without any problems with the equipment, which is the consumer of compressed air. The process of replacing parts, if necessary, is very quick and easy.

Distinguish devices with direct drive and belt. The resource of the mechanisms is very large. These compressors are extremely versatile and practical. Modern industrial models have a reliable automation system that ensures uninterrupted operation. If you need a lot of compressed air, and the consumption will be constant, then these kinds of compressors are perfect for these purposes.

Piston Compressor: Features and Benefits

These solutions are the most common type of equipment for working with air, even though there are increasingly more technological devices. These units are very easy to use, any problems can be eliminated almost immediately. These solutions differ in terms of energy savings, although they lose a bit to screw aggregates. Some, if not all types of refrigeration compressors - piston type.

In addition to simple design and affordable prices, this equipment is well suited for heavy duty applications. However, with all the advantages, there are some drawbacks. This is a high temperature (due to the fact that the piston is too tightly attached to the cylinder). For cooling, a variety of radiators are used, however, to solve problems when it is required to prepare a lot of compressed air, no radiator will help.

Reciprocating compressors: the device and the principle of operation

At the heart of these aggregates is a very simple, if not primitive, mechanism of two parts. This is a cylinder and a piston. In turn, the latter is connected to the crank mechanism. The piston is very tightly fitted to the cylinder walls. The process of air compression ensures the reciprocating motion of this piston. At the lowest point, the air is compressed. For free exit the equipment is equipped with an inlet and outlet valve.

Other types of compressor equipment

In addition to these popular solutions, other compressors are used to compress air in the industry. The types and purpose of them depend on what kind of gases you have to work with. If chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen, oxygen and other gases are used as the working substance, it is necessary to use gas aggregates that can work with any type of gases. So, we distinguish between piston, membrane, screw, jet, centrifugal and axial compressors.

Refrigerating compressor equipment

The compressor unit of the refrigeration unit is used for compressing gases, and then for pumping them directly into the refrigerator. According to the principle of operation, refrigeration equipment can be divided into three groups: spiral, screw and piston systems. With reciprocating compressors, it is possible to obtain serious savings on the acquisition and then maintenance. Piston equipment for refrigerators, in turn, is divided into hermetic units, open and semi-hermetic. This degree of sealing directly affects how reliably the refrigerant will be stored in the system.

In semi-hermetic solutions, the engine and compressor are closed. They are interconnected and have a single body with the possibility of disassembly for maintenance. Open models are equipped with an electric motor, which is located outside the body of the unit. The drive is carried out through the coupling. This equipment is used in particularly powerful cooling systems.

Types of automotive compressors

Automobile compressors are an indispensable attribute of any motorist. It helps to easily cope with most of the troubles on the road. There are several types of such units. A typical compressor for a car consists of a cylinder, a manometer and an electric motor. On how high-quality these parts are manufactured, the durability of the product depends. Often, compressor equipment is used for pumping tires, which means that the main working material is air. For this purpose, piston devices and membrane ones are suitable. About the reciprocating is already said enough, but there are other compressors. The types and types of them for use in the car are not too diverse. In addition to piston ones, membrane equipment is also used.

As a working unit, which is responsible for pumping air, use a special cloth. This membrane in the process of doing reciprocating movements. Due to them, air is injected. Often, these devices are distinguished by a higher durability, since they do not have parts rubbing together. But the power is much lower. Of the disadvantages - the total inability to use during severe frosts.

Now it is clear what kinds of compressors are, where they can be used, how they are arranged and how they function.