Carpets Turkmen: overview, types, production and reviews

Since ancient times, hand-made carpets in the Turkmen way of life have been of great importance. These products "participated" in prayers, gave solemnity to family gatherings, replaced chests of drawers. Carpets Turkmen used to insulate the home, while being their decoration.

The national heritage

In Turkmenistan, these items are truly a national treasure. Turkmen handmade carpets are an indispensable part of the spiritual and material component of culture. Elements used in making carpets are repeated in national symbols as well. When creating architectural masterpieces of the country, similar techniques were used.

Carpets Turkmen - the embodiment of the soul, culture and art of the people. That is why the nation attaches such importance to these products. Ornament of carpets is able to tell not only about the region in which it was created, but also what exactly the master made. To the uninitiated, the carpet will tell about the customs, the symbols of the people, about the inhabitants of the region and the nature of Turkmenistan. Any carpet, wherever it is produced, has its own "soul", its "face" is different from other similar.

Even today, a quality carpet complements the design of the house, giving comfort. The quality of the product speaks of the wealth of the family. Thermal insulation properties allow you to save on heating.

They create carpets in many countries, but Turkmenistan has become one of the few where this industry has become famous throughout the world. The Turkmen carpet, whose price is quite high (about 100 thousand rubles.), Is an international brand. Buyers are delighted with the goods, and at various exhibitions they take prizes.

History

It is generally believed that carpets ornaments repeat patterns on ceramics dating back to the 4th millennium BC. The oldest carpet that has survived to this day was made in the 5th century BC. E. The scientists established his belonging to the Pazir culture. At a later time, these products were exported to other countries, where they were called Parthian, Bukhara and Persian.

In ancient times, Turkmen carpets were made for a variety of household needs. They were used as insulation yurts, door curtains, bags.

The first carpets were made of pure wool, they were decorated with geometric patterns, which differed in different tribes. A good carpet was a symbol of prosperity and power.

Turkmen handmade carpets, the price of which was incredibly high, were very much appreciated, including by the emperors. Later appeared written evidence of the demand for products. The first such mention is dated 900 years. The world famous traveler Marco Polo admired carpets, mentioning that it is harder to find thinner and more beautiful.

In the 19th century, Turkmen carpets were brought to exhibitions in the US, Russia and European countries. Connoisseurs of modern art value these samples.

For a long time, the fame of Turkmen carpets has gone around the world, where they are valued until today.

Kinds

In many countries these products are known under the name of Bukhara. This is due to the fact that they originally spread to the bazaars of Bukhara.

The canvases made on the vast territory where the Turkmen lived, are referred to the Turkmen carpets. This territory consists of Turkmenistan, Balochistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan. These days, this group includes tekke, tekin, salor, yomut and others.

• Tekke. This name is formed from one of the nationalities - tekke. Turkmen tequin carpet is characterized by a common detail - gel, divided into four parts.
• Yomut. This group of carpets is made in a tribe with this name. In this group, a large number of different ornaments and styles are acceptable. One of the types is diagonal rows of multicolored octagons. The curbs and hooks are depicted on the curb. On the second species, the octagons are arranged vertically, with two animals with two heads in them.
• Salor. They are made by a tribe of salors. This nationality is the oldest in Turkmenistan. This style is characterized by the division of the medallion into 4 parts. Animal figurines are located on each section of the medallion.
• Ersari. As it is not difficult to understand, their tribe ersary produces. This nation did not create its own pattern, so the medallions on their carpets are not found. Ornament consists of plant and figured elements taken from other cultures.

In addition to the traditional here you can find products with portraits or various subjects. For the prayers, special rugs are created.

Materials

Mostly for the making of carpets use the fleece of the best sheep. The quality of the wool is determined by its color, homogeneity, which is important for proper staining. Sometimes silk or cotton is used as a basis.

Weaving

Most often, an asymmetric Persian knot is used, but some people use a Turkish symmetrical knot. From other paintings Turkmen carpets are distinguished by a repeating pattern and stripes of stylized drawings along the sides.

Colors

In the production of most of the carpets are used burgundy threads, of which the background consists. In the design of the ornament, black, orange, green and blue tones are preferred. With the help of black threads, which are a symbol of the elements of water, ornaments are framed.

Dyes

Until the 19th century, strictly natural dyes were used, however in the last century they were replaced by cheaper chemical dyes. Despite their popularity, this has led to a deterioration in the quality of carpets. However, the progress of technology has made it possible to obtain modern dyes, as close to natural ones. Nowadays, most often chemical dyes are used.

Ornaments

Art historians believe that the ornament of carpets keeps the entire history of the nation. Any symbol has its own meaning, and the gel is a bunch of symbols. Any separate group of peoples has developed their own gel.

Turkmen handmade carpets still store traces of the history and religious currents existing on the territory of the country.

The people of Turkmenistan are engaged in carpet weaving not one millennium, which could not but leave a mark on the character of its representatives. The production of one carpet takes a long time, requires a lot of attention and patience. Despite a rather monotonous appearance, concentration and an excellent memory for their manufacture are required. Even religious figures wove carpets, as this process taught patience and tempered the spirit, which is necessary for the afterlife.

Each product is created by investing incredible labor. The colossal diligence of the people provides the country with a golden age. Researchers of the East say that every day several tens of thousands of times need to be carried out by a heavy crest of iron, putting in order wool and thread. Such work is not every strong man, and in Turkmenistan this is the destiny of women. In addition to labor in carpets, women invest maximum feelings, hopes, ideas. If we translate the amount of energy spent on making a carpet into units, then it turns out that each product is created by the energy of three hundred horses. So much energy is required in order to illuminate a small town 8 hours.

Reviews

Despite the fact that today consumers are trying to avoid placing carpets in their homes, it is Turkmen handmade carpet that remains a symbol of coziness, prosperity and good taste. Despite the cost of carpets, and these days they have a huge number of fans. These people are delighted with unusual patterns and excellent quality of products. They are willing to pay a lot of money for the unique creations of human hands. According to reviews, these products are practical, beautiful and have high resistance to wear.