Bone cancer.

Currently, the frequency of oncological diseases is constantly increasing. Bone cancer is not the most common pathology, the incidence of its development is less than one percent of all malignant neoplasms.

Tumor of bone tissue can be both primary (an independent disease) and secondary, which develops as a result of metastasis of tumors of a different nature and localization.

The etiology of cancerous tumors has not been fully established. It is assumed that all oncological diseases are polyethiologic. Bone cancer, epidemiologically, occurs sporadically, that is, almost evenly throughout the year and practically the same number of times in different years. However, the sporadic nature of the oncology of the osseous system is peculiar only in the case when the primary cancer of the bones develops.

Most often, these types of malignant neoplasms are found in young people of the age group of twenty to thirty years. A typical localization of the pathological process is the legs, rarely is there a cancer of the skull bones, spinal cancer and other varieties.

Pain sensations are not characteristic for such oncological diseases as bone cancer. Symptoms, which manifest this pathology, most often not expressed. In the case of the location of the tumor near the joint develops contracture (that is, stiffness). With the involvement of the joint in the pathological process, the pain sensations increase. These pains are not stopped with the use of standard analgesic drugs. Subsequently, the tumor is metastasized to other organs and tissues. Depending on which organs the metastases penetrate, the clinic and the symptomatology of the lesion of the relevant organ join.

In connection with the erased symptoms of bone cancer on the initial stages, early diagnosis is somewhat difficult. For the purpose of diagnosing the following manipulations are carried out: examination, palpation and X-ray examination. As an additional method, magnetic resonance imaging can be used. If a cancer is suspected, a biopsy of the pathological site is performed to establish tumor morphology.

The use of radioisotope treatments is ineffective in bone cancer. In view of the fact that bone cancer metastasizes in the early stages, the use of a course of preoperative chemotherapy with the aim of reducing the size of the tumor focus, as well as with the aim of suppressing tumor activity in metastatic foci, proved to be most effective. After the operation to remove cancerous tissues, chemotherapy is also prescribed to reduce the number of relapses. The amount of surgery depends entirely on the stage at which cancer is detected, and how much tissue is involved in the pathological process.

The prognosis of the disease depends on how early the pathology is diagnosed. Mortality in bone cancer is low. However, most often patients are deprived of this or that limb, which disrupts the ability to work and, often, the ability to self-service. Such patients need long-term rehabilitation activities: physical, psychological and social.

The greatest frequency of deaths with bone tissue cancer (about fifty to sixty percent) is caused by metastasis, and death occurs due to the violation of the functions of certain organs.

Drawing a line under all the above, it is worth noting that, despite the low incidence of bone cancer, this problem is very relevant. This is associated with nonspecific and unexpressed symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose earlier, as well as the tendency of bone cancer to early metastasis.