At what temperature does water freeze and other interesting facts

If you ask a person the question: "at what temperature does the water freeze?", Most often we will hear the answer that at 0 degrees Celsius. However, this is not always the case. For example, if you slowly cool distilled water, it will not turn into ice even at a temperature of a few bars below the zero mark. But, if you put a small icy piece in it, it instantly starts to freeze, "germinating" with long crystals. This process is associated, first of all, with the peculiarities of the crystallization process. For the conversion of H2O into a solid it is necessary to have impurities and inhomogeneous particles of dust, air bubbles ... The pure liquid is simply devoid of the centers of support, therefore, when determining the temperature at which the water freezes (distilled) Should take into account the above factors. Under laboratory conditions, the temperature of the liquid could be reduced to 70 degrees.

Moreover, according to its chemical nature and position in the periodic table, H2O should solidify at one hundred degrees below zero. However, it does not obey the majority of physical and chemical laws that can be applied to other substances and compounds. The thing is that the interaction of water molecules is unusually large, so a special, intense thermal molecular motion is required to overcome the attraction. This fact is evidenced by a sharp increase in the boiling point and melting point.

Interesting in answering the question of at what temperature the water freezes, is the fact that under certain conditions a hot liquid can freeze faster than a cold one. But an obligatory condition in this case is the fact that it is up to It is wrong to pass certain temperature steps during the freezing process. This phenomenon was discovered by Aristotle, but only in 1963 schoolboy E. Mpemba proved that a mixture of hot ice cream freezes faster than a cold one. The whole point was that the more the difference between hot water and cold air masses, the more intensive heat exchange takes place, and, accordingly, the hot water begins to cool more intensively.

The scientific substantiation of the answer to the question "at what temperature ocean water freezes up" is also interesting. Usually this process starts from minus two degrees. However, the more salts in the water, the lower the temperature is required for the liquid to freeze. At the same time, there is no definite freezing point here. At an average salinity level of 35 percent, the temperature Freezing - 1,9 degrees. At the moment when ice formation begins, a large percentage of salt remains in the water, which lowers the freezing point.

As we see, the temperature regime of H2O conversion into ice is quite wide. This fact also applies to the remaining liquids. For example, determining at what temperature alcohol freezes, you can get an answer that at -115 degrees. That is why it is used in liquids used against icing and as antifreeze.

Thus, answering the question "at what temperature does water freeze", you can be sure that the answer depends on many factors. And at the moment most paradoxes find a completely scientific explanation.