Education, The science
What is DNA, what are its functions and significance for living organisms
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, which ensures the preservation and transfer of genetic information. In its structure information on the structure of RNA and all proteins of the body is encrypted. This structure was opened by the Swiss I.Mischler in 1869.
It should be noted that the combination of these bases has a clearly defined order - adenine binds only to thymine, and guanine with cytosine, which ensures correct and accurate self-reproduction of the DNA molecule according to the principle of complementarity with one of its daughter spirals.
The genetic code is stored in the form of a specific nucleotide sequence. Thus, each amino acid of the protein is encoded by three nucleotides, and the sequence of acids is a genes.
With any changes in the structure of DNA, there are point or gene mutations. Point mutational changes consist of a violation of the molecular structure, which can be easily detected by biochemical or hybridological analysis. Gene mutations occur when the sequence of nucleotides changes, which is the result of processes such as transitions, transversions, insertion or loss of individual pairs of nitrogenous bases that disrupt the functioning and properties of DNA.
If such structural changes lead to a distortion of important parts of the polypeptide, then serious violations occur in the body, which predetermine not only a violation of the development of organisms, but also their death. Thus, mutations can occur even during fetal development, which causes the birth of dead or non-viable children. In addition, such violations are the basis of many congenital malformations that can be transmitted to subsequent generations.
To summarize the above, we can conclude that such DNA is an extremely important structure of genetic information, which is the main component of chromosomes. In addition, DNA is an acid that is responsible for the realization of hereditary information and the functioning of living organisms.
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