Material costs. Accounting of material costs

The topic "Material costs" is probably one of the most entertaining in the field of finance. It closely resembles the laws of taxation, which attracts more attention, because they should not only be studied, but also useful to know. Speaking about the costs of material resources, we immediately represent a large enterprise, in the production process which you want to understand more quickly. For what now and proceed.

Accounting of material costs

Any enterprise, first and foremost production, uses in its activity a huge number of different materials, raw materials, fuel, etc. Proper, competent reflection in the accounting of the costs of their acquisition allows you to minimize the taxable base in the calculations with the budget.

What does the legislation say about this?

The composition of material costs is very clearly regulated by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, in particular, Article 254, Part 2. It states that the following expenses of the taxpayer are related to material expenses:

- Expenses for the purchase of raw materials and materials, which are used directly in production when performing a certain type of work or providing various services.

- Funds for materials for packaging or other types of preparation of production or sale goods, including pre-sale. Also, the costs for other needs related to the economic part: testing, quality control and maintenance, operation of fixed assets and other purposes.

- Expenses for tools, fixtures, tools, appliances, laboratory equipment, overalls, all means of individual and collective protection, as well as other types of property provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

In addition to the above, the consumption of material resources includes: the purchase of components for installation works, semi-finished products for additional processing, fuel, water and energy of all types, its generation, transformation and transmission, which provides for the entire production process. And also the cost of the work performed by the specialists of the organization of the taxpayer itself.

How to interpret this

All material resources entering the enterprise are recorded in price terms. This includes all costs except the cost of returnable packaging. If it is specified separately in the contract, it is taken into account at the price of possible use and without VAT, which is taken into account in a separate account. In addition, the amount of material costs does not imply the price of recycling waste, which, according to technology, is formed in the production process and can be used for commercial purposes in the future.

Release of materials in production

For faster start-up of materials in production, limit-fence cards are used, which are classified as primary documentation. In order to include the cost of materials used in the cost of main production at specified intervals on the basis of these documents, their actual consumption is determined. It is important to know that at this stage it is necessary to reconcile, to find out whether the real and normative material costs correspond to each other.

Inventory accounting

At large enterprises that use an extensive range of materials in the production of several types of products, it is advisable to use standard or coefficient methods to write them off. This will allow not only to more accurately determine the prime cost of different types of products, but also to determine the discrepancies (overruns) of certain material values. One of the recommendations is periodic inventory. Also, in the case of a long production cycle (for example, when purchased semi-finished products are used in several stages of the production process), it is necessary to maintain an operational balance of the movement of parts in production, proceeding from the principle "the more in detail, the better."

Identifying discrepancies between the normative and actual consumption of materials, as well as an analysis of the reasons for such a situation, will allow to minimize costs, which in the end will have a positive effect on the overall financial condition of the enterprise. And in the future it will give an opportunity to competently build the entire production process, properly conduct price policy, and therefore, competently take into account material costs, relying on the experience gained.

Costs for taxation purposes

It is also worth paying attention to Art. 261 part 2 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, according to which the material costs should be attributed to the funds used for the restoration of land resources and environmental activities. In addition, to contribute to the loss from damage and shortage when storing or transporting material and industrial stocks, funds, if they exceeded the permissible rate of natural losses established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Here the Code also refers to technological losses that occurred during the production process or the same transportation. In this case, such losses are losses of goods, works, services, which are due to the peculiarities of the production cycle, displacement issues, as well as the physicochemical composition of the raw materials used in the work. When extracting minerals, working in quarries, with underground mining within the mining enterprises to fixed costs, plus to all rank mining preparatory activities.

Important nuance

Taking into account the recommendations of the Ministry of Taxes and Duties, material expenses can be considered for tax purposes only after they have been paid. At the same time, the cost of materials and components should be written off directly at the time of their transfer to the main production. Direct instructions in the Law on this is not, but to the recommendations of the Ministry, as practice shows, it is necessary to listen in the most careful way.