Installation of the foundation of the house: highlights

The subterranean part of the structure, that is, the foundation, takes on the main load, transferring it to the base. Installation of the foundation today can be carried out by one of many technologies, and you can do it yourself. One of them allows you to build a ribbon base, which is very popular in private housing construction, since it requires minimal labor costs. Its formation is accompanied by reasonable investments, and the execution technique is not too complicated. The device of this design is a fairly simple process, in order to realize the conceived it is necessary only to study the technology of carrying out the work. Such a variety of foundation is laid on dry, not soils, and if the soil is deep freezes, the construction will cost more because the excavation works will have a large volume. Therefore, it is worth considering the possibility of renting heavy equipment.

Preparation for the construction of the belt foundation

Installation of the foundation begins with the cleaning of the territory and the marking of the site. On the ground it is necessary to designate the axes of the future house and fix the pins, between which the cord will be located. It is important to check the angles, which should be equal to 90 degrees. When preparing the site, you should make its dimensions larger in each side by 2 meters. Check the correctness of the markup can be compared diagonals.

Preparation of trench and arrangement of formwork

Installation of the basement foundation in the next stage involves trench digging, these works can be carried out manually or with the help of an excavator. In the latter case, the bottom must be cleaned and leveled with a shovel. At the next stage, you can start laying the pillow, the thickness of which should be 200 millimeters. It is made of fine gravel or sand. The layer is spilled by water, compacted, and polyethylene film is placed on top, which will become a waterproofing material. As an alternative solution can make a fill from the cement slurry, so that the water does not go to the ground, because this can worsen the strength characteristics of the pillow.

Installation of the foundation of the house at the next stage provides for the arrangement of the formwork, which consists of planed boards on one side. Their thickness should be equal to the limit of 40 to 50 millimeters. A shielded collapsible formwork made of iron can be used. Elements are securely fixed to the walls of the trench. It is important to verify the verticality of the walls with the help of the plumb line, since the period of operation of the future structure will depend on the accuracy of these indicators. It is necessary to provide for holes for laying water supply and sewerage systems.

Reinforcement and pouring of concrete

The technology of installing the foundation almost always involves the installation of reinforcement, which will become a load-bearing element of the structure. The bars are assembled into the frame, and the number, their location, and diameter must be specified in the design. The frame must have two strips of vertical reinforcement, which are fastened with horizontal rods. It is important to take into account that when pouring a concrete mixture, which will have a height of more than 1.5 meters, the solution is stratified. Therefore it is recommended to use a portable trough. At this stage, the mixture is poured into the formwork, the thickness of the layers should be approximately 20 centimeters. Each layer is compacted, which eliminates the formation of voids. For this, the formwork walls are taped. The solution must not be liquid.

Waterproofing

Installation of the foundation is accompanied by waterproofing works, which are carried out 10 days after pouring. To do this, you can use bituminous mastic applied to the outer walls. The waterproofing material is adhered to this composition, in the role of which the ruberoid can act. After a while, the quality of the fixation of the material can be checked.

Final work

After the completion of all the above-described manipulations, a backfill can be carried out, during which time mid-fraction sand is used. It is compacted layer by layer and filled with water, while it is necessary to monitor the condition of the waterproofing, it should not be damaged.

Construction of pile-screw foundation

Advantages of such a basis are obvious, among them one should single out the speed of work, reliability, low cost, durability and the possibility of device during spring punching of soil. At the first stage, the pegs need to indicate the corners of the future building, a rope is stretched between them and other planned pegs are installed. In their place, excavated pits are excavated, where later it is planned to screw piles. The depth of the pit should be about 20 centimeters. To manually twist the piles, you can use the lever, you can do it as follows: in the technological holes on the top end of the piles, you must install the reinforcement by putting a piece of square pipe on the scrap on both sides. They will act as a lever. The longer the part of the lever, the less effort it will take to apply. The optimal size of these sleeves will be 3 meters. Each pile must be twisted around its axis. You can do this work with the help of another person, while the third worker will control the verticality of the elements using the level.

If you decide to use manual winding, then the vertical deviation should not be more than 2 degrees, otherwise the load distribution will be uneven, and the piles will be deformed. The pile-and-screw foundation is installed in such a way that the lower edge of the element is below the freezing level of the soil. Therefore, it is important to know what the given characteristic is for a certain locality. If it is a question of an average strip of Russia, then it is 1.5 meters. Once the piles overcome the freezing level, it is important that they reach the hard ground. This you can understand when the element stops easily entering the soil. If you encounter a stone, then it is necessary to remove the support from the ground and screw it in again, slightly at an angle. After the pile is installed vertically to the required level.

Alignment of the foundation

The installation of a pile-screw type foundation is accompanied by a pruning of elements to a certain level. To control the horizontal, it is more convenient to use the hydraulic level, which is sometimes replaced by a level. The above-ground parts should be equal to 60 centimeters. With the help of the Bulgarian, the metal can be cut to a certain level.

Concreting and tying

The internal space of the piles should not be left empty, as this can lead to corrosion of the surface and a reduction in the service life. Inside, the elements are filled with cement mortar, about 1.5 buckets of the mixture should flow to each pile. If the house is heavy enough, the grillage can be made of metal, whereas for easy construction it can be abandoned. In this case, its functions will be carried out by the wooden strapping or metal heads. On the piles, for this purpose, headstocks are put on, to which a string of a square square bar with a side of 150 millimeters is screwed with screws. The resulting joints of the piping should be treated with bitumen. At the next stage, you can start building the walls of the house. It is noteworthy that the pile-and-screw foundation will be able to undergo design loads after the construction is completed, it is fully ready for operation. The installation of the pile-and-screw foundation is used in those cases when the construction must be completed in the shortest possible time.

Erection of screw foundation

When installing a screw foundation, it is important to make its insulation, only so the house will have a warm floor. First you need to make a base pipe for the elements that will connect all the detached supports. On the waterproof insulation. In this case, you can use expanded polystyrene plates or mineral wool. After that, it is necessary to start the finishing works of the front part.

Construction of a glass-type foundation

Such bases are used when the foundation must have high strength. The device is manufactured using reinforced reinforcement. Thanks to this, the design will be ready to listen even longer. Such grounds are not intended for individual construction. They are not installed on subsidence and friable soils, the technology provides for the installation of a column. The foundation is made on the basis of concrete of the M-200 grade, the waterproof characteristics of which correspond to the designation B2. Before starting work, a surface is prepared that is leveled and compacted. At the next stage, pits are excavated, which are condensed with gravel. Then you can proceed to install the blocks. Gravel cushion can be replaced by sand preparation, on which the base and column are installed. Special lifting equipment is required for these operations. The installation is carried out by the location of the axes indicated by the risk along the edges of the glass. They are applied before the beginning with indelible paint. The spacing axes shall be designated by strings and plumb, and during the installation of the so-called shoe, care must be taken to ensure that the axes on the sole and cup coincide with the centering axes. Without additional assistance, it will be impossible to install the equipment. A foundation of this type is not yet widespread in private construction for these reasons.