Dubrovitsy is a country estate. The Golitsyn estate. Dubrovitsy (manor) - photo

Manor Dubrovitsy (Podolsky district of the Moscow region) is located on the picturesque bank of the river. Pahry. The first mention of this historical place is dated 1627. At that time the estate was called the patrimony of Boyar IV. Morozov, thanks to which the boundaries of the land were significantly expanded. After his death, Aksinya Ivanovna, the daughter of Morozov, inherited ancestral lands, she also was the wife of Prince IA. Golitsyna. He was the first of a kind of owner of the estate. About how the Golitsyn estate was developing in the following years, what changes have taken place in it, we will find out later.

Important stages in the development

At the end of the XVII century. During the lifetime of Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn, an associate and educator of Peter the Great, large-scale construction began in the estate. In 1689, the owner of the estate, despite the fact that the early period of Peter's reign was one of the most influential nobles, was disgraced by the tsar. In this regard, Golitsyn was forced to leave the capital and settle in the village. His preference he gave to the suburban Moscow. And in the first place it was Dubrovitsy, the mansion Marfin, Bolshye Vyazemy. In 1690, in the first estate, the prince laid an unusually beautiful Orthodox church, which became a true masterpiece of architectural art.

Manor description

Today, after visiting the former manor estate, you can see well-preserved ancient buildings on its territory. Among them, the Church of the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary 1609-1704, the palace itself in 1750, a horse yard, a mound. Also preserved are three outbuildings out of four, buildings for economic purposes and a French lime park. The historical complex is located 6 km from the railway station, in the east of the modern village of Dubrovitsy. The farmstead was built near the site where the rivers Pakhra and Desna merge. Later, at a time when the estate was owned by the Morozovs, a house and a wooden church in the name of Elijah the Prophet were built on its territory.

Church of the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary

An important period in the development of the estate began in 1688, when the estate became the property of Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn (1641-1714). In the summer of 1690 on the territory of the estate was dismantled an old church made of wood. She was transferred to the neighboring village of Lemeshovo. In place of the former temple, the prince laid a new church of white stone in the Baroque style. Construction involved a large number of foreign and Russian skilled craftsmen. The architectural decoration of the temple is invariably struck by the abundance of highly artistic, graceful sculptures. What is rather rare in Russian Orthodox architecture. Thanks to the professional work of the masters and the high quality of the materials used in the work, one can see molded reliefs of the evangelical theme here. Well preserved four-tiered iconostasis and two-tiered choirs with openwork carvings.

Restructuring of the estate

In the years 1750-1753. With the lieutenant Golitsyn - the grandson of Boris Alekseevich - a manor house was built on the estate territory, four wings, a horse yard. There were also farm buildings. In 1781, in connection with a major debt, the lieutenant was forced to sell the estate of Dubrovitsy. The estate was taken over by Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin (1739-1791). However, the owner of the fiefdom was not long. In the summer of 1787, Catherine II visited the village of Dubrovitsy. She liked the estate so much that the Empress wanted to acquire an estate for her new favorite - the aide-de-camp to Alexander Matveyevich Dmitriev-Mamonov (1758-1803). Thus, in December 1788 the estate acquired a new owner in the person of Dmitriev-Mamonov. Soon the Count resigned and devoted his time to raising the son of Matvey. The family lived in Moscow, then in the village of Dubrovitsy. The farmstead, photo of which is presented in the article, under the new owner has undergone significant changes. In accordance with the latest trends in fashion for manor construction, capital reconstruction of the facades and interior decoration of the main house was carried out. And if the temple used to occupy a central position, then from the XVIII century. He retreated to the background in front of the artistic and compositional design of the main building. At that time, at the peak of popularity there were palaces in the style of classicism, leaving baroque behind. Since it was difficult to rebuild the whole house, it was decided to replace only the design of the external facade. In the central part of the south side of the building there was a beautiful six-columned portico. The main entrance of the house was completed with a wide white stone staircase with empire-style handrails. The same decorative design received grills of all the loggias in the building. High stone pedestals were decorated with two marble lions. The next amazing addition of the main landlord's house became open white-stone terraces with circular staircases. Their porches are located on the front sides of the building. At the central entrance to the estate there was a fountain and a bright flower garden. The main notable feature of the house was the half-rounder terrace with ten columns in the Corinthian style , located on the side of the Desna River. At the end of the XVIII century. On the territory of the estate there was one more significant addition - the French linden park. He was defeated in the western part of the fiefdom, so that the palace zone was separated from the complex of outbuildings.

Internal changes

The interior of the palace has also undergone significant changes. Small rooms were combined into enfilades of large rooms that lead to the central hall. The latter had an elongated shape, and its total area was approximately 200 square meters. M. Architects tried to give the hall an oval shape. To do this, its walls from floor to ceiling painted a promising painting of the architectural landscape. There were repeated images of elements, for example loggias, arcades, decor compositions. The gently pink tones of the distant perspective smoothly flow into the brown shades, with which the columns on the near plan are painted. On them the masters depicted the repeated image of the arms, among which there is a symbol of the genus Dmitriev-Mamonovs. Over time, painting began to demand restoration. In the 1968-1970 gg. It was restored.

The history of the estate during the days of Mamonov

After the death of his elder master, his son Matvey became the heir of the estate of Dubrovitsy. Manor (how to get to the fiefdom, will be told below) passed to him, when the boy was only 13 years old, his grandfather was engaged in Matvei Vasilievich. In 1812, with the outbreak of the war, the earl entered the military service. During the Tarutino battle in the village of Dubrovitsy, a small detachment of Russian troops stopped. After them, French soldiers were also here. October 10, 1812 a small detachment of French cavalry I. Murat left the village of Dubrovitsy, while robbing and sleeping the neighboring villages. December 21, 1812 Matvei Alexandrovich - the owner of the estate - was awarded the "For Bravery" award in the form of a gold saber. In March 1813, he was appointed chief of his regiment and promoted to major general. In 1816, M.A. Dmitriyev-Mamonov retired, and from the following year he finally settled in Dubrovitsy Manor. In this period of time, the secret organization founded by Matvey Alexandrovich, the Order of the Russian Knights, begins to emerge. He personally wrote her Charter, which was called "Short Instruction." The document proposed to abolish slavery in Russia and to the "Russian knights" of the estate, fortress and land. The idea of arranging a residence as a fortress was seriously taken up by the Count. Its reflection was the construction of a stone fence with medieval-style teeth around the entire estate of Dubrovitsy. Due to what the estate acquired the appearance of a castle. The halo of secrecy, which the count shrouded himself, seriously disturbed the government. A suitable reason for Mamonov's arrest was the beating of a valet, in which the Earl suspected a secret agent. In the summer of 1825, the bound Matvey Alexandrovich was taken to Moscow, where he gave the police a vigorous resistance. The last straw was the refusal of the oath to Emperor Nicholas I. After that, the Count was officially declared insane, and guardianship was established over him. In 1848-1850, at a time when MA. Mamonov was under arrest, the first restoration of the church in the Dubrovitsy manor was organized under the direction of the academician of architecture F.F. Richter.

Further history of the estate

In 1864 the owner was Sergei Mikhailovich Golitsyn - a native of an ancient princely family. A lot of efforts were made by the new owner to improve the estate. The wall was partially dismantled, the outbuilding in the northeast was replaced by a poultry house. In 1919 a manor house was opened in the estate. However, he did not last long. In 1927, all the exhibits were transported to Moscow, Tsaritsino, Serpukhov. And the Dubrovitsy estate (the map where the estate is located, is presented in the article) has adopted an orphanage into its walls. In 1923 the farm moved from the town of Bogoroditsk agricultural technical school. In 1961, the All-Russian (and then All-Union) Research Institute of Animal Breeding settled on the estate. A large number of equipment, possibly overloading electrical grids or oversights, caused a large fire. The manor house burnt down at night from 3 to 4 June in 1964.

Restoration

In the years 1966-1970. Were active restoration work. It was possible to restore the facade of its former decoration, to restore the lobby. The coat of arms, having removed several layers of paint, returned the fresco painting. In 1966-1990 there was a restoration in the church. The Ministry of Culture of the USSR planned to use it as a museum of cult architecture. But in the autumn of 1990 the church was returned to the parishioners. A lot of people flock to this place. You can get to the estate from Tsaritsyno or Kursk railway station by train to Podolsk. To get to the village itself, where the estate is located, you should take a minibus or a bus 65. On your personal car, go along the Simferopol highway to Podolsk. There on the square. Lenin should be turned to the right - on the street. Kirov, then to the October Ave. Then you need to go to the signposts to the village.

A modern type of manor

Since the summer of 2003 and to this day the territory is changing its appearance not for the better: the relic park has been ruthlessly destroyed; Instead of the historic road described in the archival documents of 1915, a huge pit is gaping. A brick wall is being built around the temple. This is the modern view of the estate Dubrovitsy. Manor (how to get to the estate, told above), nevertheless, and today attracts many tourists.